What effective mechanisms can downstream states/countries use to protect their water related interests/rights?

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Key Question Categor(ies):Influence, Leadership, and Power"Influence, Leadership, and Power" is not in the list of possible values (Balancing Industries and Sectors, Influence, Leadership and Power, Desalination, Hydropower - Dams - Infrastructure, Transboundary Water Issues, Integration across Sectors, Power and Politics, Technological Innovation, Urban Water Systems and Water Treatment) for this property.

Case Studies that Answer this Question

From: Baglihar Hydroelectric Plant - Issue between Pakistan and India[edit]

Mutual Treaties clearly delineating rights and obligations of the parties involved with a suitable balance between water and benefit sharing with a dispute resolution mechanism as described for IWT above (while addressing it’s weaknesses) with binding nature of Third Part decisions is a good mechanism. Alternatively, the UN Convention on the Law of the Non-navigational Uses of International Watercourses Adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 21 May 1997, which recently became effective, if ratified by the parties concerned can provide protection to the downstream riparians. (Note: Remember that some times the upper riparians need to protect their rights as well; e.g. in Nile Basin).

From: Upstream Hydropower Development in the Syr Darya River Basin, Downstream Impacts, and Potential Opportunities[edit]